Lub tog raj kheej Dewar yog dab tsi?
Nov 29, 2023
Dab tsi yog lub tog raj kheej dewar?
Lub tog raj kheej dewar, tseem hu ua dewar flask lossis cryogenic nkoj, yog lub thawv tsim tshwj xeeb uas siv los khaws thiab thauj cov khoom txias heev, xws li cov kua roj liquefied lossis cov kua dej cryogenic. Nws yog lub npe hu ua Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist thiab physicist uas tsim lub dewar flask nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Cov thooj voos kheej kheej no tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, kev kho mob, thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam uas qhov kev khaws cia ntawm qhov kub qis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog kev tsim kho, kev ua haujlwm, kev siv, thiab kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb cuam tshuam nrog dewar cylinders.
Kev tsim kho lub tog raj kheej Dewar
Ib tug raug dewar lub tog raj kheej muaj ob concentric hlab ntsha ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo uas muab zoo heev thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Lub nkoj sab hauv, tseem hu ua lub tog raj kheej sab hauv lossis sab hauv lub khob, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm borosilicate iav lossis stainless hlau thiab tuav cov khoom siv cryogenic. Lub nkoj sab nrauv, lub npe hu ua lub tsho sab nrauv lossis lub tog raj kheej sab nrauv, ncig lub nkoj sab hauv thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv.
Nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub nkoj, muaj qhov chaw nqus tsev hu ua annular space. Lub tshuab nqus tsev minimizes tshav kub hloov los ntawm conduction thiab convection, raws li tsis muaj molecules los ua cua sov los yog hloov nws los ntawm huab cua tam sim no. Qhov kev tsim no tso cai rau kev khaws cia ntev ntev ntawm cov tshuaj cryogenic yam tsis muaj evaporation ntau dhau lossis kub hloov pauv.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Dewar Lub tog raj kheej
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar yog ua raws li kev txuag hluav taws xob thermal thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib hloov cua sov nrog rau ib puag ncig. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov khoom muaj peev xwm ntawm lub nkoj sab hauv pab kom txo tau cov cua sov hloov.
Thaum cov khoom siv cryogenic khaws cia rau hauv cov hlab ntsha sab hauv, nws muaj qhov kub siab heev, feem ntau qis dua -150 degree (-238 degree F). Lub siab exerted los ntawm cov khoom evaporating yog qhov tsawg, ua kom nws ruaj ntseg khaws cia ntawm atmospheric siab.
Lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar kom ntseeg tau tias cov cua sov hloov feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob poob. Cov nyiaj los yog metallized txheej nyob rau hauv lub nkoj sab hauv qhia txog radiant tshav kub rov qab, txo nws txoj kev nqus thiab thiaj li txo qhov kub ntawm cov khoom khaws cia. Qhov kev tsim no muab cov khoom siv thermal zoo heev, tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm kev ua kom sov sai sai.
Kev siv lub tog raj kheej Dewar
Dewar cylinders muaj ntau yam kev siv hauv ntau qhov chaw vim lawv muaj peev xwm khaws cia thiab thauj cov tshuaj cryogenic tau zoo. Qee qhov kev siv feem ntau suav nrog:
1. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb: Dewar cylinders tau siv dav hauv cov chaw soj nstuam rau kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov kua nitrogen, kua helium, thiab lwm yam khoom siv cryogenic. Cov tshuaj no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sim ntsuas kub qis, kev khaws cov qauv, thiab cov khoom siv txias txias lossis cov cuab yeej siv.
2. Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Kho Mob: Hauv kev kho mob, dewar cylinders yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev khaws cia thiab cryosurgery. Cryopreservation suav nrog kev khov thiab khaws cov qauv tshuaj lom neeg, xws li phev, qe, embryos, lossis cov qauv ntaub so ntswg, rau kev siv yav tom ntej. Cryosurgery, ntawm qhov tod tes, siv qhov txias txias los rhuav tshem cov hlwb lossis cov qog.
3. Cov ntawv thov kev lag luam: Qee qhov kev lag luam, xws li kev tsim khoom semiconductor, xav tau cov tshuaj cryogenic rau ntau yam txheej txheem. Dewar cylinders tau ua haujlwm los khaws thiab muab cov khoom no rau kev ua kom txias, ntxuav, lossis khaws cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv.
4. Kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus: Dewar cylinders kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab dej haus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov kua nitrogen. Cov kua nitrogen yog siv rau flash-freezing khoom noj khoom haus, tsim tshiab ice creams, los yog tsim khov cocktails, ntawm lwm yam kev siv ua noj.
5. Lub Zog Cia: Qee lub zog khaws cia siab heev, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cryogenic, siv lub tog raj kheej dewar los khaws cov kua cua lossis kua nitrogen rau lub zog loj. Cov thev naus laus zis no txhawm rau khaws cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau uas tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsis nco qab thiab tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm xav tau siab.
Kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb
Thaum lub tog raj kheej dewar yog tsim los kom zoo khaws thiab thauj cov tshuaj cryogenic, muaj ntau yam kev nyab xeeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account:
1. Mob khaub thuas: Cryogenic tshuaj tuaj yeem ua rau mob khaub thuas hnyav lossis kub kub thaum sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej kom raug, suav nrog cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv thiab tsom iav, yuav tsum hnav thaum tuav lub tog raj kheej dewar.
2. Siab Build-up: Lub evaporation ntawm cryogenic tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub dewar lub tog raj kheej ua rau lub siab build-up. Kev kub siab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub tog raj kheej tawg, ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua ntawm lub siab dhau los yog qhov cua yog tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias kev ua haujlwm zoo.
3. Asphyxiation Risk: Cov tshuaj Cryogenic tshem tawm cov pa oxygen thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj oxygen nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo. Kev ua pa txaus yuav tsum tau khaws cia thaum ua haujlwm nrog dewar cylinders kom tsis txhob muaj asphyxiation.
4. Hluav taws kub phom sij: Qee yam khoom siv cryogenic, xws li cov pa oxygen lossis kua hydrogen, yog cov nplaim taws heev. Kev ceev faj tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hluav taws kub, thiab yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Xaus
Hauv kev xaus, lub tog raj kheej dewar yog lub thawv tshwj xeeb tsim los rau kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv cryogenic. Nws txoj kev tsim kho, nrog rau lub nkoj sab hauv, lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev, thiab lub tsho sab nrauv, muab cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev, txo cov cua sov kom tsawg. Dewar cylinders pom cov ntawv thov dav hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev kho mob, kev lag luam, kev lag luam zaub mov thiab dej haus, thiab kev cia lub zog. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev ceev faj txog kev nyab xeeb yog tsim nyog vim tias muaj kev phom sij cuam tshuam nrog qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua muaj siab. Nrog rau kev tuav kom zoo thiab kev paub txog kev saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, dewar cylinders yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev siv cov tshuaj cryogenic hauv ntau yam kev siv tseem ceeb.