Lub tog raj kheej Dewar yog dab tsi?

Dab tsi yog lub tog raj kheej dewar?

Lub tog raj kheej dewar yog ib hom ntim khoom siv rau khaws cia thiab thauj cov ntaub ntawv cryogenic, xws li kua nitrogen, kua oxygen, thiab cov roj ntsha liquefied. Nws muaj cov hlab ntsha sab hauv uas ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis lwm yam khoom siv uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab nraud uas muab cov rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab hauv thiab sab nrauv yog feem ntau khiav tawm los yog ntim nrog cov pa roj tsawg, kom txo tau cov cua sov ntxiv thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus.

Dewar cylinders muaj npe tom qab lawv tus neeg tsim khoom, James Dewar, Scottish physicist thiab chemist uas tau tsim thawj lub raj mis thermos hauv xyoo 1892. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub raj mis thermos thiab lub tog raj kheej dewar yog tib yam - kom tswj tau qhov kub ntawm cov kua los ntawm kev txo cov cua sov. hloov ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntsuas thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar yog qhov loj dua, vim tias lawv tau tsim los khaws cov khoom siv cryogenic ntau rau kev lag luam, kev kho mob, thiab kev tshawb fawb.

Hom thiab kev siv ntawm dewar lub tog raj kheej

Muaj ntau ntau hom dewar cylinders, nyob ntawm seb lawv qhov loj me, cov duab, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Feem ntau hom yog:

1. Cryogenic kua dewar: Qhov no yog hom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm dewar lub tog raj kheej, uas yog siv rau khaws cia thiab tuav cov kua cryogenic xws li kua nitrogen, kua oxygen, thiab liquefied natural gas. Nws muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum-jacketed nkoj nrog lub me me qhib rau saum, hu ua lub caj dab, uas tuaj yeem muab khi nrog lub cork lossis lub stopper. Cov kua cryogenic tau sau los ntawm lub caj dab, thiab tuaj yeem xa tawm los ntawm lub valve lossis tus kais dej hauv qab ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar. Cryogenic kua dewar cylinders yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, xws li metallurgy, tshuaj, thiab kev ua zaub mov, kom txias, khov, thiab khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv.

2. Dewar flask: Qhov no yog ib tug me me thiab portable version ntawm ib tug dewar lub tog raj kheej, uas yog siv rau thauj me me ntawm cov kua cryogenic los yog gases. Nws muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum-jacketed flask nrog lub caj dab nqaim thiab lub stopper, thiab feem ntau yog nqa nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv los yog ib lub hnab. Dewar flasks feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam, tsev kho mob, thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb, khaws cia thiab thauj cov tshuaj lom neeg, gases kho mob, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv rhiab heev.

3. Qhib-cryostat dewar: Qhov no yog ib hom tshwj xeeb ntawm dewar lub tog raj kheej, uas yog siv rau kev sim uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nws muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum-jacketed nkoj nrog qhib sab saum toj, uas yog ntim nrog kua helium los yog nitrogen los tsim ib tug loj cryogenic da dej. Cov qauv lossis cov cuab yeej tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv lub da dej cryogenic rau kev sim xws li superconductivity, qhov kub thiab txias physics, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb.

4. Cryosurgical dewar: Qhov no yog lub tog raj kheej dewar uas yog siv los ua cryosurgery, ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv cov khaub thuas txias los ua kom cov nqaij tsis zoo, xws li qog nqaij hlav los yog warts. Nws muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum-jacketed nkoj nrog lub sijhawm hloov pauv tau yooj yim, uas tau ntim nrog kua nitrogen lossis carbon dioxide. Qhov kev sojntsuam tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg kom kho, thiab cov kua cryogenic tso tawm kom khov thiab tua cov hlwb txawv txav. Cryosurgical dewar cylinders yog siv hauv dermatology, gynecology, thiab lwm yam kev kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm dewar lub tog raj kheej

Kev tsim thiab tsim khoom ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum muaj kev txawj ntse hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thermodynamics, thiab mechanical engineering. Cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim lub tog raj kheej dewar yog:

1. Thaum tshav kub kub hloov: Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar yog kom txo cov cua sov hloov ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab ib puag ncig, kom tswj tau qhov kub ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Qhov no yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity, xws li stainless hlau, aluminium, los yog iav. Lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab hauv thiab sab nrauv kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo cov cua sov.

2. Kev nyab xeeb: Kev khaws cia thiab tuav cov khoom siv cryogenic yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nruj, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo xws li tawg, xau, lossis kub hnyiab. Dewar cylinders yuav tsum tau tsim thiab tsim los tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov thiab cuam tshuam, thiab tiv thaiv kev khiav tawm ntawm cov pa roj cua los yog kua dej. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej kev nyab xeeb xws li lub siab nyem li qub, rupture discs, thiab tswb.

3. Kev nkag tau yooj yim: Dewar lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum tau tsim kom yooj yim rau kev nkag, sau, thiab xa tawm cov khoom siv cryogenic. Qhov no suav nrog cov yam ntxwv xws li qhib dav rau saum toj, nqes hauv qab kom ua tiav cov dej ntws tawm, thiab lub valve lossis kais rau kev tswj kev xa tawm.

Kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar muaj ob peb kauj ruam, suav nrog:

1. Kev xaiv thiab npaj cov khoom siv: Cov hlab ntsha sab hauv thiab sab nrauv ntawm lub tog raj kheej dewar feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel thiab cov hlau tsis zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li lawv compatibility nrog cov khoom siv cryogenic, lawv cov thermal zog, thiab lawv cov neeg kho tshuab zog. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug txiav, zoo li, thiab polished rau qhov xav tau qhov loj thiab cov duab.

2. Kev sib dhos: Cov hlab ntsha sab hauv thiab sab nrauv tau sib sau ua ke thiab welded ua ke, siv cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb xws li TIG lossis electron beam vuam. Lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev yog tsim los ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab ntsha, lossis los ntawm kev ntim cov pa roj tsawg xws li helium lossis nitrogen.

3. Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo: Lub tog raj kheej dewar yog raug rau ntau yam kev ntsuam xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg tau. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog kev ntsuas siab, ntsuas cov dej xau, thiab thermal cycling. Lub tog raj kheej dewar tseem yuav tsum tau ua raws li ntau yam qauv thiab kev cai, xws li ASME Boiler thiab Pressure Vessel Code, kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb.

Xaus

Dewar cylinders yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cryogenic, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev siv. Lawv tau tsim thiab tsim nrog kev saib xyuas, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb, kev ntseeg tau, thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev siv tshiab rau cov ntaub ntawv cryogenic tshwm sim, qhov kev thov rau dewar cylinders yuav loj hlob ntxiv, thiab lawv cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim khoom yuav hloov zuj zus kom tau raws li cov kev cov nyom tshiab thiab cov kev xav tau.